Dynamo-machine and apparatus.



W. A. TURBAYNE.

DYNAMO MACHINE AND APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.29.1910.

1,174,104.. Patented Mar. 7,1916.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

8 .70 witnesses 2 g Q 5 mm wtoz W 351 i (jute 614mg; W fl WW 1W H 7- W. A. TURBAYNE.

DYNAMO MACHINE AND APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.29. 1910.

1,174,104; Patented Mar. 7,1916.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2- UNITED STATES PATENT onnion.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, 0F LANCASTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNO-R TO GOULD STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DYNAMIC-MACHINE AND APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

" Application filed January 29,1910. Serial No. 540,745.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Ton- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lancaster, in the county of Erie, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo-Machines and Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in dynamo machines and apparatus.

One object of my invention is to provide a reversible booster or dynamo which will be properly regulated and yetin which there is a minimum amount of apparatus and in which the energy losses'are markedly decreased.

Theusual type of electric generator, in which a wound armature rotates within the influence of massive poles upon which are teries, etc., machines should be quick inaction and regulate closely.

A further object of my invention is to reduce the sluggishness of such machines due late more closely and thereby obtain much quicker and more effective regulation.

As distinguished from quickness of action, closeness of regulation demands a booster in which the armature Voltages will be very closely proportional to variations of exciting current both of rising and falling directions of magnetization of either posi tive or negative quantity. In other words, the machine should show a hysteresis loop of negligible area when varied through complete cycles. of magnetization between positive and negative maxima. If the booster shows a large hysteresis loop the armature voltage due to the residual magnetic fluxwill sustain the battery charge, or discharge, as the case may be, at a period when the exciting current, has considerably passed beyond zero in a reversed direction and which, consequently, should be followed by similar battery action, so that the magnetomotive force absorbed in annuling the residual flux is not efl'ective'for bringing the battery into action for regulation purposes. It is evident, therefore, that the less the magnetic lag as represented bya hysteresis loop of minimum area, the better.

Patented Mar. '7, 1916;

adapted will the booster be for purposes of such a manner as to prevent any formation" of eddy currents inasmuch as these act to oppose the main flux variations by reason of their counter magnetizing effect. I have provided a type of booster that may be so arranged in a system as to be controlled by slight changes such as the changes of current permitted to fall upon the main gener ator, while all regulating apparatus external to the booster may be eliminated.

Moreover, I have so devised the booster that it is extremely rapid in its response to the fluctuations for which it .is to regulate. To cut down the lag in operation due to hysteresis, leakage flux, and other causes I have proposed the use of a dynamo machine in I which the magnetizing current producing the effective flux is introduced directly'to the armature windings through brushes on to self-inductance and cause them to reguof this flux axis by action of the working current I provide fixed compensating windings, properly,disposed around the external iron portions, these being included in the working circuit and having a magnetomotive force equaling in value, but opposing the magnetomotive force'due'to the working current through the armature. I also find, that by slightly overwinding these compensating turns so that their magnetomotive force will preponderate over that of the. armature turns, a component of flux will be set up which will develop an electromotive force assisting that of the exciting source. I also find that by carrying this effect still further itis possible to entirely eliminate the auxiliary exciters or regulating machines and thatthe regulating functions may be produced within the booster itself without adversely affecting its action and without necessitating the use of additional material in its construction. Thus the lag and sluggishness due to the exciting or other regulating machines is entirely done away with, and the booster and system are made much more sensitive and quickly responsive. Nicety and closeness of regulation is obtained through the agency of the exciting current which'is set up in the arma ture due to itsrotation through the field produced by the compensating windings. These featurestaking the place of the auxiliary machine heretofore-used.

Further objects, advantages and improvements will more clearly appear from the detail description given below taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification. In the drawings, Figure 1 represents diagrammatically a dynamo embodying certain features of my inventidn. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of connections of a. dynamo embodying certain features of my invention. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing a slightly modified form of connections. Fig. 4 is a view of the armature at the right in Fig. 3.- Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing a modified arrangement of connections.

7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, butshowing a still further modified arrangement, and

Fig. 8 is a partial diagrammatic view of the dynamo of Fig. 7. I. Referring to Figs. '1 and 2, 1 represents the armature of my improved booster or dynamo provided withthe usual distributed winding 2 and with pole pieces or field magnets. 4 and 5 represent brushes adapted to make connection with .the various coils of the winding 2'as'the armature revolves, and are placed approximately at the points of zero difference of potential of the armature. 6 and 7 represent a second set of brushes placed at points ninety electrical degrees from the-brushes 4 and 5 and connected to the main circuits, 8. An exciter 9 is arranged to apply an external electromotive force to the brushes 4 and 5 over the circuit 10, 10, and afield coil 11 is connected in series with the mainbrushes 6 and 7 and designed and arranged .to produce a magnetomotive force in opposition to that produced by the main armaturecurrent to compensate for armature reaction. If now the exciter 9 causes a current to pass through the armature coils 2 between the brushes 4 and 5 a magnetic flux will be set up, the position of which is represented by the dotted lines- 12 in Fig. 1, and the full line 13 in Fig. 2 and the field magnets 3 will be energized. The armature coils rotating through this field have an electromotive force set up therein and a maximum difler- Fig. 6 is an 'end View of the dynamo of Fig. 5. Fig.

the fiux strength is very small. This rela:

tively great reluctance in the path of the flux produced by the armature current is obtained by the splitting of the polepieces and providing a plurality of magnetically separated field structures at each polar region, thus forming an air gap in each polar region which the flux must traverse. The parts at each polar region are separated at quite a distance in order to further increase this reluctance. If the polepieces were not thus split it is evident that the flux at the lines-14, 14, would have a path of small reluctance and would produce a serious and disadvantageous reactive effect upon the main flux. If after splitting the pole pieces there should still be any appreciable flux distortion produced by the armature current this may be compensated for and offset by the compensating winding 11- which tends to produce a flux to oppose the distortion produced by the. armature current This coilis not an exciting coil but simply compensates for the armature reaction of the dynamo. The field magnets? are U- Y shaped and thoroughly laminated, and

serve to close the magnetic circuits, and concentrate the flux at the desired positions. These features prevent serious distortion of the field and allow the use of a minimum amount of iron, which being well laminated prevents losses due to eddy currents. A machine of this construction has a greatly reduced inductance and variations in the exciting current-affect the voltage thereof almost instantaneously.

Referring to Fig. 3, the arrangement there shown is similar to that of Fig. 2, the principal difference being that the armature 2 is provided with two sets of windings 16 and 17, the windings 16 beingconnected with the brushes 4 and 5 and; the windings 17 being.

connected to'the brushes 6 and 7, while the exciter 9 is arranged as a counter machinev in series with the generator 18. In this modification I have indicated the coil for compensating for armature reaction. at 19,.

at one side of the line between the brushes or between the poles so that when there is any tendency of distortion due to the main armature current in the circuit 8, 8, the coil 19 increases sufiiciently in strength to pull the flux back substantially to its original position. The armature .3 of Fig. 3 is more clearly shown in Fig. 4, the operation, however, is substantially the same as that given with respect to Figs. 1 and 2, the main exciting flux being-produced by the windings 16 whenever there is a difference in voltage between the machines 9 and 18, this flux producing the main electromotive force in the windings17.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, the dynamo 20 is provided with main or working brushes 21, 21, which take off or conduct away the main armature current to the circuit 22. In series with these brushes is a coil 23 which has an axis symmetrical with that of the working armature conductors and tends to set up a flux which opposes the flux which tends to be set up by the'main armature current. The windings 23 are placed upon the field structure or magnets 2 1 which are of the type shown in Fig. 1, and being in series with the working armature conductors their magnetomotive force is proportional to that set up bythe working armature conductors and thus effectively and efficiently compena second field coil wound parallel with the windings 23 and supplied from any suitable and desired source. Placed at substantially ninety electrical degrees from the brushes 21 are brushes 26 which are'connected to a circuit 27 having in series therein a battery or other source 28. Both the working armature conductors and the windings 23 setup magnetomotive forces which tend to produce electromotive forces at the brushes 26, 26,

but in opposite directions so that they oppose each other and substantially no difference of potential results at the brushes 26, 26

' dueto these windings. The windings 25,

however, produce. a further magnetomotive force which produces -a .potential difi'erence at the brushes 26, 26, and a current in the circuit 27. but they produce no electromotive force at the brushes 21, 21. This potentialdifference, if unopposed, will therefore pro- -duce an exciting current in the armature conductors which Wlll set up a fluxto produce an electromotive force at the mam brushes 21, 21. Under certain circumstances,

however, it is desirable to oppose the electromotive force setup at the brushes 26, 26, bV the electromotive force of the battery 28,-or some other suitable source. Under these circumstances exciting current 'will' only flow 1n the armature conductors when 1 one or',the other of these electromotive forces ncreases or decreases so as to allow a current t'o'flow in the circuit 27. When,

' however," an exciting current flows in the circuit 27 a flux is immediately set up which produces an electromotive, force at the energy to the circuit 22' Referring to Figs. 7 and Sthe dynamo or -booster-30 is somewhat different from the booster 20in that the former'is provided with two armature windings 31 and 32 simi working armature conductors 32 with the.

circuit 35 with the windings 33 in series therewith. The brushes 36 connect the exciting windings 31, across the circuit 35 by means of conductors 37, so that the external electromotive force for the exciting windings is supplied by the dynamo itself. By applying the proper electromotive force to the conductors 38 and 39 the coil 33 will perform the functions of both of the coils 23 and 25 as described in connection with Fig. 5. The operation of the dynamo as a whole is also similar to that described in connection with Fig. 5.

Fig. 8 shows the relationship of currents in the windings and the various components of flux when the coil 25 is of sufiicient strength to overcome the. opposing electromotive force externally applied; to the brushes 36. A four pole machine; is, however, shown in which the field structures are provided with commutating lugs 40. The exciting windings are represented by the inner row of conductors andth efmain or working windings by the outer row of conductors. Although the exciting windings are shown as of the same number and size as the working windings, thisis merely for illustrative purposes. In practice the exciting windings are formed into a much larger number of turns of smaller wire than the working windings, in order to obtain the proper number of ampere turns The field windirigs 33 set up a component of flux represented by the dotted lines 41 which produces' an electromotive force at the brushes rections of the exciting and working currents under these conditions. It will also be clear from a consideration of Fig. 8, that the field structure is arranged so that at various poles the structure is split so that two separate paths are" provided for the main,

flux, which. paths are magnetically separated. This effectually cuts down the deleterious effect due to the cross flux as described in connection with Fig. 1.

From the above it will clearly appear that I have provided a dynamo which is extremely simple and efficient and which is and negative (0) signs indicate the di- 4 economical in operation and construction.

Furthermore, when used as a booster in storage battery systems or when used as a regulating 'machine under other circumstances it is extremely sensitive since the sluggishness due to the large masses ofiron to be magnetized, has been materially cut down. By providing the exciting windings directly in the armature the use of many auxiliary machines and much apparatus is avoided, and the dynamo gives a closeness of regulation not obtained in other forms of machines.

Although I have described my improvements in great detail nevertheless I do not desire to be limited thereto except as clearly specified hereinafter in the appended claims, since many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. But

Having fully and clearly described my improvements what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A reversible booster provided with an armature and its windings, a main set of brushes for the main electromotive force produced therein, an auxiliary set of brushes on the armature, and an external source of electromotive force applied thereto, to produce a magnetizing current in the armature so that the main field of the booster will be produced in the armature, and windings external to the armature for compensating for armature reaction due to the main armature current of the booster.

2. A reversible booster provided with an armature and its windings, a main set of brushes for the main electromotive force produced therein, an auxiliary set of brushes on the armature, and an external source of electromotive force applied thereto, to produce amagnetizing current in thearmature so that the main field of the boosterwill be produced in the armature, and windings external to said armature arranged to "produce a field to set up an opposing electromotive force at the auxiliary brushes.

3. The combination ofa reversible-booster provided with an armature with two sets of brushes substantially ninety electrical de-' grees apart, field windings for compensating two subscribing witnesses.

for armature ieaction and for producing an electromotive force at one of said sets of brushes, and means for applying a'substantially constant electromotive force at said set of brushes in opposition to that set upby the field coil, the resultant electromotive force acting to set up a main exciting current in the armature.

4. In a reversible booster, the combination of an armature and a commutator therefor, field magnets having the iron at the poles split to form a plurality of independent paths for the magnetic flux, and brushes for admitting a current to the armature from an external source for exciting a field and brushes for taking off the current generated in the armature.

5. In a reversible booster, the combination of an armature, means for admitting current thereto to produce a magnetic field netic flux, brushes ninety electrical degrees from said first mentioned brushes and adapted to take off the armature current generated therein due to its rotation through said flux and pole pieces magnetically separated at the poles for afiording said flux, a path of small reluctance and arranged to afford the flux produced by the armature current, a path of relatively great reluctance.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE. 

